To cope with the competitive worldwide marketplace, organizations rely on business intelligence to an increasing extent. Cyber security is an inevitable practice to protect the entire business sector and its customer. This book presents the significance and application of cyber security for safeguarding organizations, individuals’ personal information and government. The book provides both practical and managerial implications of cyber security that also supports business intelligence and discusses the latest innovations in cyber security. It offers a roadmap to master’s degree students and Ph.D. researchers for cyber security analysis in order to minimize the cyber security risk and protect customers from cyber-attack. The book also introduces the most advanced and novel machine learning techniques including, but not limited to, Support Vector Machine, Neural Networks, Extreme Learning Machine, Ensemble Learning, and Deep Learning Approaches, with a goal to apply those on cyber risk management datasets. It will also leverage real-world financial instances to practice business product modelling and data analysis. The contents of this book will be useful for a wide audience who are involved in managing network systems, data security, data forecasting, cyber risk modelling, fraudulent credit risk detection, portfolio management, and data regulatory bodies. It will be particularly beneficial to academics as well as practitioners who are looking to protect their IT system, reduce data breaches and cyber-attack vulnerabilities.

This volume contains the proceedings of the conference Logical Foundations of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Physics-Kurt Godel's Legacy, held in Brno, Czech Republic on the 90th anniversary of his birth. The wide and continuing importance of Godel s work in the logical foundations of mathematics, computer science, and physics is confirmed by the broad range of speakers who participated in making this gathering a scientific event.

* A useful guide to financial product modeling and to minimizing business risk and uncertainty * Looks at wide range of financial assets and markets and correlates them with enterprises' profitability * Introduces advanced and novel machine learning techniques in finance such as Support Vector Machine, Neural Networks, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, Extreme Learning Machine, Deep Learning Approaches and applies them to analyze finance data sets * Real world applicable examples to further understanding

* A useful guide to financial product modeling and to minimizing business risk and uncertainty * Looks at wide range of financial assets and markets and correlates them with enterprises' profitability * Introduces advanced and novel machine learning techniques in finance such as Support Vector Machine, Neural Networks, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, Extreme Learning Machine, Deep Learning Approaches and applies them to analyze finance data sets * Real world applicable examples to further understanding

This volume contains the proceedings of the conference Logical Foundations of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Physics-Kurt Godel's Legacy, held in Brno, Czech Republic on the 90th anniversary of his birth. The wide and continuing importance of Godel s work in the logical foundations of mathematics, computer science, and physics is confirmed by the broad range of speakers who participated in making this gathering a scientific event.

This book provides an assessment of the evolution and dynamics of regional innovation systems (RISs) and the economic and social impact of resulting knowledge spillovers, presenting comparative case studies on the regions of several Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Lithuania and Estonia). It analyses RISs on the basis of several dimensions, such as absorption capacity and intellectual capital, and using several methods such as data envelopment analysis, patent network analysis, and weighted sum approach. Further, by looking at the economic and social impact of knowledge spillovers in RISs and networking, it identifies key distinguishing factors, including foreign direct investments, still prevalent centralized decision-making, EU-driven innovation policies and public financing of innovations. Sectoral case studies, e.g. from the automobile, chemical and other hi-tech manufacturing industries, are presented to help readers understand the different types of knowledge spillovers in CEE countries and the evolution and dynamics of RISs, and provide a multifaceted overview of the CEE regions.

Since their inception, the Perspectives in Logic and Lecture Notes in Logic series have published seminal works by leading logicians. Many of the original books in the series have been unavailable for years, but they are now in print once again. This volume, the sixth publication in the Lecture Notes in Logic series, collects the proceedings of the conference 'Logical Foundations of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Physics - Kurt Goedel's Legacy', held in Brno, Czech Republic, on the 90th anniversary of Goedel's birth. The broad range of speakers who participated in this event affirms the continuing importance of Goedel's work in logic, physics, and the philosophy and foundations of mathematics and computer science. The papers in this volume range over all these topics and contribute to our present understanding of them.

Since their inception, the Perspectives in Logic and Lecture Notes in Logic series have published seminal works by leading logicians. Many of the original books in the series have been unavailable for years, but they are now in print once again. This volume, the third publication in the Perspectives in Logic series, is a much-needed monograph on the metamathematics of first-order arithmetic. The authors pay particular attention to subsystems (fragments) of Peano arithmetic and give the reader a deeper understanding of the role of the axiom schema of induction and of the phenomenon of incompleteness. The reader is only assumed to know the basics of mathematical logic, which are reviewed in the preliminaries. Part I develops parts of mathematics and logic in various fragments. Part II is devoted to incompleteness. Finally, Part III studies systems that have the induction schema restricted to bounded formulas (bounded arithmetic).

This book provides an assessment of the evolution and dynamics of regional innovation systems (RISs) and the economic and social impact of resulting knowledge spillovers, presenting comparative case studies on the regions of several Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Lithuania and Estonia). It analyses RISs on the basis of several dimensions, such as absorption capacity and intellectual capital, and using several methods such as data envelopment analysis, patent network analysis, and weighted sum approach. Further, by looking at the economic and social impact of knowledge spillovers in RISs and networking, it identifies key distinguishing factors, including foreign direct investments, still prevalent centralized decision-making, EU-driven innovation policies and public financing of innovations. Sectoral case studies, e.g. from the automobile, chemical and other hi-tech manufacturing industries, are presented to help readers understand the different types of knowledge spillovers in CEE countries and the evolution and dynamics of RISs, and provide a multifaceted overview of the CEE regions.

Banach spaces provide a framework for linear and nonlinear functional analysis, operator theory, abstract analysis, probability, optimization and other branches of mathematics. This book introduces the reader to linear functional analysis and to related parts of infinite-dimensional Banach space theory. Key Features: - Develops classical theory, including weak topologies, locally convex space, Schauder bases and compact operator theory - Covers Radon-Nikodym property, finite-dimensional spaces and local theory on tensor products - Contains sections on uniform homeomorphisms and non-linear theory, Rosenthal's L1 theorem, fixed points, and more - Includes information about further topics and directions of research and some open problems at the end of each chapter - Provides numerous exercises for practice The text is suitable for graduate courses or for independent study. Prerequisites include basic courses in calculus and linear. Researchers in functional analysis will also benefit for this book as it can serve as a reference book.

This book is about the subject of higher smoothness in separable real Banach spaces. It brings together several angles of view on polynomials, both in finite and infinite setting. Also a rather thorough and systematic view of the more recent results, and the authors work is given. The book revolves around two main broad questions: What is the best smoothness of a given Banach space, and its structural consequences? How large is a supply of smooth functions in the sense of approximating continuous functions in the uniform topology, i.e. how does the Stone-Weierstrass theorem generalize into infinite dimension where measure and compactness are not available? The subject of infinite dimensional real higher smoothness is treated here for the first time in full detail, therefore this book may also serve as a reference book.

This book introduces the basic principles of functional analysis and areas of Banach space theory that are close to nonlinear analysis and topology. The text can be used in graduate courses or for independent study. It includes a large number of exercises of different levels of difficulty, accompanied by hints.

One of the fundamental questions of Banach space theory is whether every Banach space has a basis. A space with a basis gives us the feeling of familiarity and concreteness, and perhaps a chance to attempt the classification of all Banach spaces and other problems.

The main goals of this book are to:

introduce the reader to some of the basic concepts, results and applications of biorthogonal systems in infinite dimensional geometry of Banach spaces, and in topology and nonlinear analysis in Banach spaces;

to do so in a manner accessible to graduate students and researchers who have a foundation in Banach space theory;

expose the reader to some current avenues of research in biorthogonal systems in Banach spaces;

provide notes and exercises related to the topic, as well as suggesting open problems and possible directions of research.

The intended audience will have a basic background in functional analysis. The authors have included numerous exercises, as well as open problems that point to possible directions of research.

Banach spaces provide a framework for linear and nonlinear functional analysis, operator theory, abstract analysis, probability, optimization and other branches of mathematics. This book introduces the reader to linear functional analysis and to related parts of infinite-dimensional Banach space theory. Key Features: - Develops classical theory, including weak topologies, locally convex space, Schauder bases and compact operator theory - Covers Radon-Nikodym property, finite-dimensional spaces and local theory on tensor products - Contains sections on uniform homeomorphisms and non-linear theory, Rosenthal's L1 theorem, fixed points, and more - Includes information about further topics and directions of research and some open problems at the end of each chapter - Provides numerous exercises for practice The text is suitable for graduate courses or for independent study. Prerequisites include basic courses in calculus and linear. Researchers in functional analysis will also benefit for this book as it can serve as a reference book.

One of the fundamental questions of Banach space theory is whether every Banach space has a basis. A space with a basis gives us the feeling of familiarity and concreteness, and perhaps a chance to attempt the classification of all Banach spaces and other problems.

The main goals of this book are to:

a [ introduce the reader to some of the basic concepts, results and applications of biorthogonal systems in infinite dimensional geometry of Banach spaces, and in topology and nonlinear analysis in Banach spaces;

a [ to do so in a manner accessible to graduate students and researchers who have a foundation in Banach space theory;

a [ expose the reader to some current avenues of research in biorthogonal systems in Banach spaces;

a [ provide notes and exercises related to the topic, as well as suggesting open problems and possible directions of research.

The intended audience will have a basic background in functional analysis. The authors have included numerous exercises, as well as open problems that point to possible directions of research.

This book presents a systematic treatment of deductive aspects and structures of fuzzy logic understood as many valued logic sui generis. It aims to show that fuzzy logic as a logic of imprecise (vague) propositions does have well-developed formal foundations and that most things usually named 'fuzzy inference' can be naturally understood as logical deduction. It is for mathematicians, logicians, computer scientists, specialists in artificial intelligence and knowledge engineering, and developers of fuzzy logic.

This book introduces the reader to the basic principles of functional analysis theory that are close to nonlinear analysis and topology. The presentation is self-contained, including many folklore results, and the proofs are accessible to students with the usual background in real analysis and topology. Several results are published here for the first time in a monograph. The text can be used in graduate courses or for independent study. It includes a large number of exercises of different levels of difficulty, accompanied by hints. The book is also directed to young researchers in functional analysis and can serve as a reference book, to areas of Banach space.

This book presents a systematic treatment of deductive aspects and structures of fuzzy logic understood as many valued logic sui generis. It aims to show that fuzzy logic as a logic of imprecise (vague) propositions does have well-developed formal foundations and that most things usually named 'fuzzy inference' can be naturally understood as logical deduction. It is for mathematicians, logicians, computer scientists, specialists in artificial intelligence and knowledge engineering, and developers of fuzzy logic.

People have always been interested in numbers, in particular the natural numbers. Of course, we all have an intuitive notion of what these numbers are. In the late 19th century mathematicians, such as Grassmann, Frege and Dedekind, gave definitions for these familiar objects. Since then the development of axiomatic schemes for arithmetic have played a fundamental role in a logical understanding of mathematics. There has been a need for some time for a monograph on the metamathematics of first-order arithmetic. The aim of the book by Hajek and Pudlak is to cover some of the most important results in the study of a first order theory of the natural numbers, called Peano arithmetic and its fragments (subtheories). The field is quite active, but only a small part of the results has been covered in monographs. This book is divided into three parts. In Part A, the authors develop parts of mathematics and logic in various fragments. Part B is devoted to incompleteness. Part C studies systems that have the induction schema restricted to bounded formulas (Bounded Arithmetic). One highlight of this section is the relation of provability to computational complexity. The study of formal systems for arithmetic is a prerequisite for understanding results such as Godel's theorems. This book is intended for those who want to learn more about such systems and who want to follow current research in the field. The book contains a bibliography of approximately 1000 items."

This book presents the proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, MFCS'95, held in Prague, Czech Republic in August/September 1995.
The book contains eight invited papers and two abstracts of invited talks by outstanding scientists as well as 44 revised full research papers selected from a total of 104 submissions. All relevant aspects of theoretical computer science are addressed, particularly the mathematical foundations; the papers are organized in sections on structural complexity, algorithms, complexity theory, graphs in models of computation, lower bounds, formal languages, unification, rewriting and type theory, distributed computation, concurrency, semantics, model checking, and formal calculi.

This book presents the state-of-the-art applications of machine learning in the finance domain with a focus on financial product modeling, which aims to advance the model performance and minimize risk and uncertainty. It provides both practical and managerial implications of financial and managerial decision support systems which capture a broad range of financial data traits. It also serves as a guide for the implementation of risk-adjusted financial product pricing systems, while adding a significant supplement to the financial literacy of the investigated study. The book covers advanced machine learning techniques, such as Support Vector Machine, Neural Networks, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, Extreme Learning Machine, Deep Learning Approaches, and their application to finance datasets. It also leverages real-world financial instances to practice business product modeling and data analysis. Software code, such as MATLAB, Python and/or R including datasets within a broad range of financial domain are included for more rigorous practice. The book primarily aims at providing graduate students and researchers with a roadmap for financial data analysis. It is also intended for a broad audience, including academics, professional financial analysts, and policy-makers who are involved in forecasting, modeling, trading, risk management, economics, credit risk, and portfolio management.

Originating as an attempt to provide solid logical foundations for fuzzy set theory, and motivated also by philosophical and computational problems of vagueness and imprecision, Mathematical Fuzzy Logic (MFL) has become a significant subfield of mathematical logic. Research in this area focuses on many-valued logics with linearly ordered truth values and has yielded elegant and deep mathematical theories and challenging problems, thus continuing to attract an ever increasing number of researchers. This two-volume handbook provides an up-to-date systematic presentation of the best-developed areas of MFL. Its intended audience is researchers working on MFL or related fields, who may use the text as a reference book, and anyone looking for a comprehensive introduction to MFL. Despite being located in the realm of pure mathematical logic, this handbook will also be useful for readers interested in logical foundations of fuzzy set theory or in a mathematical apparatus suitable for dealing with some philosophical and linguistic issues related to vagueness. The first volume contains a gentle introduction to MFL, a presentation of an abstract algebraic framework for MFL, chapters on proof theory and algebraic semantics of fuzzy logics, and, fi nally, an algebraic study of Hajek's logic BL. The second volume is devoted to ukasiewicz logic and MValgebras, Godel-Dummett logic and its variants, fuzzy logics in expanded propositional languages, studies of functional representations for fuzzy logics and their free algebras, computational complexity of propositional logics, and arithmetical complexity of first-order logics.

Originating as an attempt to provide solid logical foundations for fuzzy set theory, and motivated also by philosophical and computational problems of vagueness and imprecision, Mathematical Fuzzy Logic (MFL) has become a significant subfield of mathematical logic. Research in this area focuses on many-valued logics with linearly ordered truth values and has yielded elegant and deep mathematical theories and challenging problems, thus continuing to attract an ever increasing number of researchers. This two-volume handbook provides an up-to-date systematic presentation of the best-developed areas of MFL. Its intended audience is researchers working on MFL or related fields, who may use the text as a reference book, and anyone looking for a comprehensive introduction to MFL. Despite being located in the realm of pure mathematical logic, this handbook will also be useful for readers interested in logical foundations of fuzzy set theory or in a mathematical apparatus suitable for dealing with some philosophical and linguistic issues related to vagueness. The first volume contains a gentle introduction to MFL, a presentation of an abstract algebraic framework for MFL, chapters on proof theory and algebraic semantics of fuzzy logics, and, finally, an algebraic study of Hajek's logic BL. The second volume is devoted to ukasiewicz logic and MValgebras, Godel-Dummett logic and its variants, fuzzy logics in expanded propositional languages, studies of functional representations for fuzzy logics and their free algebras, computational complexity of propositional logics, and arithmetical complexity of first-order logics.

One of the main objectives of any economic policy (the regional policy is one part of it) is to achieve or increase competitiveness of the country. This goal can also be achieved by the progressive development of centers (poles, engines), which are mainly represented by the regions. Just increasing of the competitiveness is not enough. Objectives defined in this way should be extended to one important feature - sustainability. Only sustainability - continuously existing - of competitiveness can guarantee the desired economic growth, development and citizens' quality of life in each country, and also in the whole European Union. This monograph Economic Development of Regions in Context of Sustainability has set these goals: analyses and characteristics of regions, economic development and forms of development support - all of them in the context of sustainability. An obvious objective of regional development, which was enshrine in all chapters, is to maximize competitiveness using available production factors, resources and other potential of regions.

This book collects most of the invited papers presented at the 12th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science in Oviedo, August 2003. It contains state of the art accounts of ongoing work by a selection of the most renowned researchers in the field. The papers in the Logic section deal with topics in mathematical logic, as well as philosophical logic, and the area of logic and computation. The section on General Methodology contains articles on models, theories, probability, induction, causation, and other topics. A number of papers discuss Philosophical Issues of Particular Sciences, such as mathematics, physics, linguistics, psychology, biology, and medicine. There is also a section on Ethics of Science, and papers from a special symposium on the Emergence of Scientific Medicine in the 19th-20th Century.